The demands of the record labels will include the need for lots of close-ups of the artists may develop motifs which reoccur across their work (a visual style)
Michael Jackson's motif was his white glove
Andrew Goodwin also states, There is a frequently references to the notion of looking and particularly voyeuristic treatment of the female body.
Laura Mulvery- 'Male Gaze'
Women are look upon as sexual objects.
There is an inter-textual link between videos.
In this video, references to a variety of other videos are made, such as; 'Take that- back for good, 'N'sync- bye bye bye.
Andrew Goodwin in 'Dancing in the distraction factory' (1992) has identified the following features of music videos:
Music videos demonstrate genre characteristics. For example;
dance routines for boy/girl bands.
There are normal a variety of different characters in a band. For example; in a boy band there is normally, a pretty face, a gay one and a wild boy. This is all so different types of audiences could be targeted.
In rock bands, there is usually a stage performance of the band performing at the edge of the stage feeding off the excitement of the audience.
American domination in the 1950s
In the 1950s, America was very known for its pop culture, the country dominated all music acts with stars such as Elvis Presley.
In the 1950s, the only way for the fans to see stars like Elvis in England would be to go and see his films or sometimes he would appear on television. (saturday night variety acts)
In the 1960s came the domination of The Beatles. However, pop music was not very versatile, The Beatles were mostly popular because other pop stars didn't exist. In the 1960s, 'Needle time' is the 4 hours a week radio 1 was allowed to play pop music like Elvis Presley, The Beatles and more.
Tax was a problem in the 1960s for pop stars, for The Beatles, for every pound they earned they got 5 pence. This made the financial success come short.
The Beatles were aired on a TV show called ' Top of the pops'; a visual chart show where the stars would lip-sync their songs in front of a few audience.
The Beatles were also the first musicians to perform in a baseball arena. However, the speakers were not very loud, so the sound of the screaming fans overpowered the sound track, so neither the fans or The Beatles could her them sing.
However, The Beatles got tired of not being heard and miming on 'Top of the pops', so they decided to make a film of them singing. This was shown on top of the pops, it was better alternative to spending hours travelling to studios and countries; they made a film and sent it to the studios. This promoted their record and made the birth of pop music.
